block. In addition, the following hapu had interests within the confiscated block around Otumoetai: Ngati Kuku, Ngai Tukairangi, Ngai Tuwhiwhia, Ngati Tapu, and Te Whanau a Tauwhao.

► The Te Puna–Katikati blocks. Hapu holding substantial interests within the Te Puna– Katikati blocks were Te Whanau a Tauwhao, Ngai Tuwhiwhia, Ngati Tauaiti, Ngai Tamawhariua, Ngati Pango, Pirirakau, Ngati Pukenga, and hapu of the Marutuahu confederation.

2.5 Relationships between Tauranga Hapu

Relationships between hapu, and between broader tribal groupings, can appear complex to the modern observer. Most hapu in our inquiry area today identify with one of two iwi: Ngai Te Rangi and Ngati Ranginui. However, the nature of these iwi, and of the relationships between them (or, more correctly, between their constituent hapu) has at times been the subject of some oversimplification, which we must correct. In particular, the way in which nineteenth-century Crown officials understood these relationships – tending to regard all Tauranga hapu as ‘Ngaiterangi’ – was to have important consequences. These will be discussed later in this report.

At this point, we note that Tauranga hapu have important ties to neighbouring iwi. For example, the Wairoa hapu have strong whakapapa links with Ngati Raukawa.⁵² Some hapu have particular associations with neighbouring tribes that cut across broader patterns of alliance and enmity. A section of Ngati Pukenga fought with Ngati Maru against Ngai Te Rangi, and Ngati Pukenga fought on both sides of the Ngai Te Rangi–Te Arawa battle at Te Tumu.⁵³ Generalisations about the enmity between Te Arawa on the one hand, and Ngai Te Rangi, Ngati Ranginui, and their Ngati Haua allies on the other, are also undermined to some extent not only by the longstanding connections of various hapu with Waitaha but also by the links between Ngai Te Ahi, Ngai Tamarawaho, and Ngati Rangiwewehi.⁵⁴

In our inquiry, the following hapu have identified themselves as belonging to Ngai Te Rangi: Nga Potiki, Ngai Tuwhiwhia, Ngati Tauaiti, Ngai Tamawhariua, Te Whanau a Tauwhao, Ngai Tukairangi, Ngati Kuku, and Ngati He. Hapu which have identified themselves as Ngati Ranginui are: Ngai Te Ahi, Ngati Kahu, Ngati Pango, Ngati Rangi, Ngati Hangarau, Pirirakau, Ngai Tamarawaho, and Ngati Ruahine. Ngati Tapu have commonly been considered in the past to belong to Ngai Te Rangi and have been represented on the Ngai Te Rangi iwi authority. They acknowledge their strong connections with both Ngai Te Rangi and Ngati Ranginui, but in this inquiry they have chosen to emphasise their Ngati Ranginui links, as is

52. Document n14, p 4

53. Document m2, pp 18–20

54. Document f14, pp 56–58