relative to Maori of other iwi and non-Maori. The evidence supports the claimants’ view that many Hauraki Maori moved out of the district early – from the early twentieth century as well as after the Second World War – and settled in the Waikato and Auckland districts where 67 per cent now reside. We believe their out - migration was largely a consequence of their having insufficient usable land and employment opportunities in Hauraki.

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The evidence relating to Maori health and housing from the late nineteenth century till after 1945 shows that Hauraki Maori were among the most disadvantaged and needy people in New Zealand.

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Consideration of these matters is connected to the fact that Hauraki Maori have lost more of their customary land than most iwi. The Crown has argued that there is no necessary connection between land loss and poverty – that a community can possess a great deal of land and still be poor and that much depends on the quality of the land and its resources, and on the acquisition of skills to manage land productively. We accept that this theoretical position has a degree of validity. We accept also that much of Hauraki is too steep to cultivate or carry stock. Nevertheless, there are also rich river valleys and rolling hill country in the south of the district, harbours and islands, which brought early trade and settlement: and a coastline, which today has great value. Why have not Hauraki Maori been enabled to have a greater share of the opportunities that these provide?

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It was not only that Hauraki Maori lost nearly all their land; it was the manner of losing it that divided and pauperised them. Subsequent owners of the land have benefited significantly from it since.

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Land loss does not necessarily lead to poverty, but for Hauraki Maori that became the case.

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The subsequent alienation of such a high proportion of traditional Hauraki lands has deprived Hauraki Maori of their share of the ever increasing community created land value, which the region enjoy. This consequence is in direct contradiction of the objectives and purpose of the Treaty, and the aspirations of those who signed it.

ES.15 Overall Finding

We conclude that Hauraki Maori have been marginalised in their own rohe by the transfer of land and resources to others, including Maori of other iwi.... In this context, we note particularly that:

>            the Crown has conceded that Hauraki iwi lost large areas of land during the raupatu of the 1860s and have received very little compensation, either in land or money;

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