purchase of Hauraki Maori land was not in itself a determinant of Hauraki Maori economic fortunes.’

...

We are thus obliged to consider the connection between land loss and social and economic outcomes.”

[Emphasis added]

28.         In its consideration of the socio-demographic profile, the Tribunal placed emphasis on the evidence of the Marutūāhu claimants,¹⁴ and made the following statements:¹⁵

“Dr Mervyl McPherson and Dr Michael Belgrave have compiled for the Marutūāhu claimants “A Socio-Demographic Profile of the People of Marutūāhu and Pare Hauraki’, based upon censuses from 1981 to 1996. This includes analysis of a range of demographic factors together with the socio-economic indicators of use of te reo Maori; educational qualifications and school attendance; employment; income distribution; housing tenure and occupancy; access to telephones, the internet, and motor vehicles; incidence of smoking; health disabilities; proportion of solo parents; and crime rates.

Their key demographic findings were that:

...

Less than one in five (19%) of these Hauraki iwi members resides within the Hauraki inquiry District. This means that a large majority of members (81%) live outside the Inquiry District. A similar proportion to those living within the Inquiry District lives in the neighbouring Auckland Regional Council (ARC) area (17%).

Within the Hauraki Inquiry District, Hauraki iwi members make up 3% of the total population and just 15% of the Maori population...

We have some concern about the methodology of the McPherson-Belgrave analysis, because there are many variables and the averaging of data grouped under mesh blocks gives an incomplete picture. Nevertheless, we accept that the indicators of the socio-economic situation of Hauraki Maori show that they are generally disadvantaged, not only in relation to non-Maori in the inquiry district but also in relation to non-Hauraki Maori.”

[Emphasis added and footnotes omitted]

29.         This Marutūāhu evidence led to the following findings by the Tribunal on socio-economic impacts:¹⁶

“We have studied the demographic evidence submitted by claimant witnesses and note that, according to that evidence, of the 10,000 Maori who reported affiliation to Hauraki iwi in 2001, only 19 per cent live in the inquiry district. Moreover, Hauraki iwi members make up only about 15 per cent of the Maori population resident in the inquiry district, and several socio-economic indices show them still to be disadvantaged

¹⁴    See, eg, Section 25.1.2

¹⁵    Pages 1167-1170.

¹⁶    Pages xlv-xlvii.