THE CROWN, THE TREATY, AND THE HAURAKI TRIBES, 1800–1885

lands—except for residences, cultivations, and burial places—from Te Mamaku to Moehau and Whitianga. Known as Te Mamaku no. 1, this agreement was based on the Kauaeranga model, by which those interested in the block would be paid Li for each miner's right issued, and 25/- for each kauri felled. The consent of Ngati Tamatera was, however, contingent on the immediate payment of a deposit of £500 to be 'refunded to the Governor out of the money arising from 'Miners' Rights' when the same [was] paid' to them.33 Mackay offered a lesser monetary inducement to Ngati Whanaunga out of future fees. According to his 1869 report on the Thames gold fields, his negotiations resulted in 'five of the principal men signing a memorandum to permit mining on their lands, from Hikutaia and Whangamata on the south to Cape Colville on the north' in exchange for a deposit of £l00. The southern bounds of that claim were disputed by Ngati Pu and Ngati Maru, resident at Hikutaia. Mackay, not wishing to stir up trouble, 'took no further action about that portion, being content to take such part as the Ngatiwhanaunga could hereafter substantiate their title to'.34

On 19 November, after a 'hard contest' lasting two days, Mackay obtained Ngati Maru consent to the mining of Whakairi (or Waiwhakarunga) Block. Riwai Kiore continued to oppose the opening of Otunui, which lay between that block and Kauaeranga. Again, it was decided to 'defer the signing of the final agreement until the whole of Ngati Maru and Ngati Whanaunga claims had been arranged'." By now, with the exception of Otunui Block and reserved sites, Mackay considered that consent had been gained for the opening of all the western side of the Coromandel peninsula, north of Ohinemuri. On 20 November 1867 the Superintendent of Auckland Province, John Williamson, extended the gold field boundaries:

All that block of land commencing on the North at Tuapo on the shore of the Hauraki Gulf thence by a survey line to the summit of Ruahine thence along the range dividing the Rivers Manaia and Waikawau to Pongawhakairo thence to the source of the River Waikawau thence along the watershed range between the Hauraki Gulf and East coast to the source of the River Kauwaeranga or Waiwhakaurunga thence to the source of the River Hihi thence to the source of the Kirikikiri thence down that river to the point where it is intersected by a survey line thence by that line to Pataua thence by a survey line to Matene's boundary on the Waiwhakaurungu from those of the Mangarehu Stream thence by that ridge to its junction with the main range thence by the range most directly to the source of the Hape Stream thence by a ridge to the source of the Kakarimata Stream thence by that stream to its junction with the River Waiwhakaurunga thence by that river to its mouth thence by the sea coast to the point of commencement.36

Over the next few months Mackay negotiated further extensions to the field. He demonstrated the effectiveness of the 'wedges' he had created by dealing with the wider area as individual blocks under the control of individual chiefs, which were drawn into the compass of Government authority one by one. Bounded to the north by the extensively

33 See Turton, Maori Deeds, no. 358, PP. 464–466. Doc. 53, pp. 1315–1317.

34 Report by Mackay on Thames Gold Fields, 27 July 1869. AJHR, 1869, A-17, p. 7. Doc. 59, p. 1365; Turton,

Deeds, no. 386, PP. 533–534. Doc. 53, pp. 1323–1324.

35 Report by Mackay on Thames Gold Fields, 27 July 1869. AJHR, 1869, A–17, p. 7. Doc. 59, p. 1365.

36 Auckland Provincial Government Gazette, 21 November 1867, p.479.

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